What Is GHB, and How Dangerous Is It?
How Dangerous Is GHB, and How Can You Protect Yourself?
GHB (gamma-hydroxybutyric acid), known in Europe as gamma-OH or simply GHB, is a substance produced naturally through the body’s own metabolism and is commonly found in human and mammalian cells. Medically, GHB has been synthesized into an anesthetic, a sleep aid, a labor-assistance drug, and a treatment for certain conditions such as chronic alcoholism — but it requires strict medical supervision. It was removed from the approved medication list in 1990.
GHB is a psychoactive substance that initially suppresses the nervous system — reducing anxiety, aiding sleep, and inducing unconsciousness (depending on the dose). But once its effects wear off, the person feels a rebound sense of freshness and alertness, since it also has stimulant effects, without the “hangover” typically caused by other sedatives. This creates a feeling of alertness and enjoyment that can lead to increased interest in sex. GHB use is currently widespread in entertainment venues.
Forms of GHB
GHB comes in tablet, powder, and liquid forms. The most commonly used form is a clear liquid, since it’s easy to use and has a slightly salty taste that blends easily into drinks. On the black market it’s known as “Liquid X” or “Liquid E,” and it can be mixed into a drink without the drinker ever knowing it’s there.
Overdosing on GHB happens very easily when combined with alcohol or other drugs, which can cause loss of consciousness, seizures, unconsciousness, and even stopped breathing. Taking too much of this substance can lead to unconsciousness and death.
Symptoms
Symptoms vary depending on the dose received. Taking a large amount can be fatal. In summary, the effects of GHB include:
At lower doses, within the first 5–10 minutes, symptoms include dizziness, nausea, vomiting, and difficulty moving.
At high doses, it can suppress brain function and breathing, leading to unconsciousness or death.
When combined with other drugs or alcohol, the harmful effects are many times worse.
How to Protect Yourself
The key ways to protect yourself from drinks or food that may be spiked with GHB include: never accept a drink from someone you don’t know, never drink from someone else’s glass, only drink from sealed, unopened containers with no signs of tampering, never leave your drink unattended — especially when you’re alone — sip your drink or food slowly to monitor how you feel, and bring a trusted friend along for safety.
GHB is a dangerous substance that can be fatal. If you suspect you or someone else has been given GHB, seek medical help or consult a drug treatment center immediately.
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